4 resultados para Homocysteine

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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The adsorption Of DL-homocysteine (Hcy) and L-homocysteine thiolactone (HTL) on Au(1 1 1) electrode was investigated in 0.1 M HClO4 by cyclic voltammetry and in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Hcy and HTL molecules formed highly ordered adlayers on Au(1 1 1) surface. High-resolution STM images revealed the orientation and packing arrangement in the ordered adlayers. Hcy molecules formed (2root3 x 3root3)R30degrees adlayer structure and H-bonds between carboxyl groups were assumed to be responsible for the origin of tail-to-tail or head-to-head molecular arrangement, while HTL molecules formed (4 x 6) adlayer structure, and two different orientations and appearances in the ordered adlayer were found. Structural models were proposed for the two adlayers.

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小麦杂交坏死是某些小麦杂交种表现出的叶片提前逐渐死亡的现象。它是由两个坏死基因Ne1和Ne2在杂交种中相遇后发生显性互补引起的。坏死从叶片尖端逐渐过渡到叶片基部,从成熟叶片发展到幼嫩叶片。一些严重坏死的F1完成它的生活周期前就在不同的生长阶段死去,无法获得F1种子,这就限制了携带优良性状的亲本的选择和优良基因的交流。另外,小麦杂交坏死是一个独特的研究植物程序性死亡的遗传系统。虽然小麦杂交坏死这种现象已经发现很多年,但其详细的分子机理却仍然未知。对小麦杂交坏死的分子机理进行深入研究将有助于克服小麦杂交利用中杂交坏死的遗传障碍,此外,也为深入研究植物的PCD机理提供可操作靶分子。 本论文采用高通量蛋白质组研究技术对小麦杂交坏死进行了研究。携带坏死基因Ne2的小麦品种Pan555(P)和携带坏死基因Ne2的小麦品种Zheng891(Z)生长发育完全正常,将两个亲本杂交,所得杂交F1代PZF1表现杂交坏死。在小麦生长阶段8,旗叶(Flag leaf)刚刚出现,PZF1的旗叶下第一片叶子(FL-1)还是完全绿色,FL-2叶尖开始有坏死斑出现。在这个阶段,分别将PZF1,P,Z的FL-2叶剪成相等的尖,中,基三段。我们选择的PZF1的FL-2叶,其叶尖段已经有成片的坏死斑出现;中间段零星出现少量坏死斑点;基部段和亲本一样还是完全的绿色,代表坏死进程中的不同阶段。又选PZF1的FL-1和FL-2分别代表杂交坏死启动前和杂交坏死启动后。两个亲本P和Z的FL-2叶的三段及FL-1叶正常,都是完全绿色。 首先分别分析了PZF1,P和Z的FL-2叶的尖、中、基三段的蛋白表达情况。在PZF1的尖、中、基三段共检测到23个差异表达蛋白点。这23个点在两个亲本的尖、中、基三段中的表达丰度没有显著差异(p<0.05),说明这23个蛋白的差异表达不是由于叶段的不同引起,确与杂交坏死相关。对这23个蛋白进行了MALDI-TOF质谱鉴定,其中18个得到成功鉴定。然后对PZF1,P和Z的FL-1叶和FL-2叶的蛋白表达情况进行了分析。与PZF1的FL-1叶比较,在FL-2叶中检测到19个蛋白上调,20个蛋白下调。这39个蛋白的丰度在两个亲本的FL-1和FL-2叶之间没有显著差异,说明这39个蛋白的差异表达不是由于叶位的不同引起,确与杂交坏死相关。对这39个蛋白进行质谱鉴定其中26个得到成功鉴定。 根据被鉴定蛋白的功能及其表达丰度的变化,对这些蛋白在小麦杂交坏死中可能的作用进行了讨论。与PZF1的FL-2叶基部相比,S-腺苷同型半胱氨酸水解酶(S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase)在中部极显著(p<0.01)下调,而在中部和尖段之间没有显著差异,保持低丰度不变。腺苷甲硫氨酸3(AdoMet synthase 3)和甲硫氨酸合成酶1(Methionine synthase 1)都在PZF1的FL-2叶尖段上调。甲基化循环中的这3个酶比例的不协调可能会以不同的方式加速细胞老化。 与PZF1的FL-1叶比较,尿卟啉环脱羧酶(Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase)在FL-2叶中下调,这将引起尿卟啉环III的积累。脂加氧酶(Lipoxygenases)在FL-2叶中上调。尿卟啉环III的积累和脂加氧酶的上调都会引起细胞内活性氧的增加。另外活性氧和脂加氧酶都会使脂发生过氧化作用,进而导致细胞膜完整性受到破坏,最终可能导致细胞死亡。 与基部段比较,在PZF1的FL-2叶的尖段和/或中间段;以及与PZF1的FL-1叶比较,在FL-2叶中,都有很多防御性蛋白的上调,这暗示应对活性氧、脂过氧化、甲基化循环中三个酶比例的不协调等引起的对细胞的破坏作用,细胞可能启动了抗细胞死亡系统来应对这种细胞内部的胁迫。 然而,与基部段比较,一些能量相关蛋白在PZF1的FL-2叶的尖段和/或中间段;以及与PZF1的FL-1叶比较,在FL-2叶中的异常表达可能会以干扰能量循环的方式加速细胞死亡。另外,与FL-2基部段比较,在尖段和/或中间段,以及与PZF1的FL-1比较,在FL-2中,都有一些防御性蛋白、蛋白合成相关的蛋白以及单链DNA结合蛋白下调,它们的变化可能会降低细胞的抵抗力,蛋白合成能力以及DNA修复能力。细胞正常代谢的很多方面都受到干扰从而使PZF1叶细胞最终走向死亡。 本研究中发现了三个甲基化循环中的酶变化,而且S-腺苷同型半胱氨酸水解酶是在坏死进程的较早阶段发生下调,它的变化可能是小麦杂交坏死的一个诱因,这暗示小麦杂交坏死可能是一个表观遗传学事件。另外本研究还发现一些和活性氧,脂氧化等相关的蛋白的变化,而活性氧增加和脂氧化都是细胞凋亡的典型特征。所以本研究为表观遗传细胞凋亡和氧化胁迫细胞凋亡的研究提供了很有价值的信息。

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In this work, a new fluorescent method for sensitive detection of biological thiols in human plasma was developed using a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye, FR 730. The sensing approach was based on the strong affinity of thiols to gold and highly efficient fluorescent quenching ability of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). In the presence of thiols, the NIR fluorescence would enhance dramatically due to desorption of FR 730 from the surfaces of Au NPs, which allowed the analysis of thiol-containing amino acids in a very simple approach. The size of Au NPs was found to affect the fluorescent assay and the best response for cysteine detection was achieved when using Au NPs with the diameter of 24 nm, where a linear range of 2.5 x 10(-8) M to 4.0 x 10(-6) M and a detection limit of as low as 10 nM was obtained. This method also demonstrated a high selectivity to thiol-containing amino acids due to the strong affinity of thiols to gold.

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Herein, a sensitive and selective sensor for biothiols based on the recovered fluorescence of the CdTe quantum dots (QDs)-Hg(II) system is reported. Fluorescence of QDs could be quenched greatly by Hg(II). In the presence of biothiols, such as glutathione (GSH), homocysteine (Hcy), and cysteine (Cys), however, Hg(H) preferred to react with them to form the Hg(II)-S bond because of the strong affinity with the thiols of biothiols rather than quenching the fluorescence of the QDs. Thus, the fluorescence of CdTe QDs was recovered. The restoration ability followed the order GSH > Hcy > Cys due to the decreased steric hindrance effect. A good linear relationship was obtained from 0.6 to 20.0 mu mol L-1 for GSH and from 2.0 to 20.0 mu mol L-1 for Cys, respectively. The detection limits of GSH and Cys were 0.1 and 0.6 mu mol L-1, respectively. In addition, the method showed a high selectivity for Cys among the other 19 amino acids. Furthermore, it succeeded in detecting biothiols in the Hela cell.